Laminar flow describes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where masses move chaotically, laminar flow displays predictable patterns. It occurs when the fluid's velocity is relatively low and the viscosity is high. In such a scenario, each strata of liquid slides smoothly past its concurrent layer without sign

From autonomous machines performing routine tasks to sophisticated companions offering emotional guidance, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a profound transformation. Although robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these innovations into the mainstream